The first part is to explore the various manifestations of this relationship, both today and in the past. The second part looks at...

Crushed but now Renewed Part 1: Conflict on The Frontier and two examples of Indigenous Resistance, 1880s/90s Part 2: Survival. What...

Finland only became independent in 1917, at the time of The Russian Revolution. Finland had been a Grand Duchy of Russia since 1809. ...

The public reaction to the death of The Queen, and the accession of the new King, has been remarkable, and to some extent unexpected in...

Ever Westwards The story this week of the indigenous peoples of USA is how the European Americans forced the indigenous tribes ever...

The rise of Sweden into the top league of European Nations during the time of The 30 Years War under their King, Gustavus Adolphus, is...

Starts 11.30am on Thursday 8 September at JW3 or by zoom. Contact JW3 for enrolment details. Introduction: Clarification of Terms Where...

Recently asked what was the origin of the name Lithuania - which I didn't know - set me thinking. Hence this blog. I am always pleased...

I don't usually either read or recommend historical fiction. However, over recent years as the quality of this type of fiction has...

....comprising Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia have over the centuries been the plaything of Great Powers, notably in the modern era,...

The Queen's Platinum Jubilee made the nation think of what comes next. In one sense we know that Prince Charles will inherit the throne,...

Gorbachev was to prove the last leader of The USSR. He was also the first Soviet leader to be born after The October Revolution of 1917....

Synopsis of The Day Historical Introduction a. We are not amused! b. A Sociological Analysis c. How and why did things change in...

In the aftermath of The Great Patriotic War, as Russians call World War Two, Russia and its leader, Stalin, rose in importance and power...

It is perhaps difficult today to think that once civil war raged throughout England's green and pleasant land - to say nothing of Wales,...

Everyone knows of the Communist October 1917 Revolution in Russia which brought Lenin to power. Fewer, perhaps, are aware of the earlier...

The one thing everyone knows about the last Romanov Tsar is the nature of his death. Along with his entire family he was shot by a...

'A PRISON AGAIN': 1956-89 The curtain falls again : November 1956 1956 and The West. Parallels to today? Goulash Communism Miklos...

The reign began in bloodshed. Alexander III's father, Alexander II, was assassinated by home grown terrorists. The new Tsar's reflex...